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RESEARCH BY SPECIE USED IN DIEHARD™ MYCORRHIZAL INOCULANTS
>DIEHARD Mycorrhizal Inoculants and Microflora Stimulants>General Discussion On Mycorrhizal Inoculants>Mycorrhiza Research>Research By Specie Used in DIEHARD™ Mycorrhizal Inoculants

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The following list OF RESEARCH represents the general BODY OF RESEARCH that has been completed on the strains of mycorrhiza used in our products. Click on the strain of mycorrhiza that you are interested in or use your browser to Edit, Find function to locate key words of interest, i.e., citrus, corn, apples, pecan, northern, Canada, etc., etc.

 

Glomus deserticola

 Augé, R.M., Schekel, K.A., and Wample, R.L. "Rose leaf elasticity changes in response to mycorrhizal colonization and drought acclimation." Physiologia Plantarum 70 (1987):175-182. 

Augé, R.M., Schekel, K.A., and Wample, R.L. "Greater leaf conductance of well-watered VA mycorrhizal rose plants is not related to phosphorus nutrition." New Phytologist 103 (1986): 107-116. 

Augé, R.M., Schekel, K.A., and Wample, R.L. "Osmotic adjustment in leaves of VA mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal rose plants in response to drought stress." Plant Physiology 82 (1986): 765-770. 

Berch, S.M. and Trappe, J.M. "New species of Endogonaceae,Glomus hoi." Mycologia 77 (1985): 654. 

Berch, S.M. and Warner, B.G. "Fossil vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: two Glomus species (Endogonaceae, Zygomycetes) from Late Quaternary deposits in Ontario, Canada." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 45 (1985): 229-237. 

Ellis, J.R., Larsen, H.J., and Boosalis, M.G. "Drought resistance of wheat plants inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae." Plant and Soil 86 (1985): 369-378. 

Hetrick, B.A.D., Kitt, D.G., and Wilson, G.T. "The influence of phosphorus fertilization, drought, fungal species, and nonsterile soil on mycorrhizal growth response in tall grass prairie plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 64 (1986): 1199-1203. 

Mathur, N. and Vyas, A. "In vitro production of Glomus deserticola in association with Ziziphus nummularia." Plant Cell Reports 14, no. 11 (1995): 735-737. 

Paulitz, T.C. and Menge, J.A. "The effect of a mycoparasite on the mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus deserticola." Phytopathology 76 (1986): 351-354. 

Trappe, J.M., Bloss, H.E., and Menge, J.A. "Glomus deserticola sp. nov." Mycotaxon 20 (1984): 123-127.

 Vassileva, M., Vassilev, N., and Azcon, R. "Rock phosphate solubilization by Aspergillus niger on olive cake-based medium and its further application in a soil-plant system." World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 14, no. 2 (1998): 281-284

 Glomus clarum

 Arias, I., Sainz, M.J., Grace, C.A., and Hayman, D.S. "Direct observation of vesicular-arbusuclar mycorrhizal infection in fresh unstained roots." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 89 (1987): 128-130. 

Bentivenga, S.P., Bever, J.D., and Morton, J.B. "Genetic variation of morphological characters within a single isolate of the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Glomaceae)." American Journal of Botany 84, no. 9 (1997): 1211-1216. 

Bonfante-Fasolo, P. and Schubert, A. "Spore wall architecture of Glomus spp." Canadian Journal of Botany 65 (1987): 539-546. 

Davis, E.A. and Young, J.L. "Endomycorrhizal colonization of glasshouse-grown wheat as influenced by fertilizer salts when banded or soil-mixed." Canadian Journal of Botany 63 (1985): 1196-1203.

 Blaszkowski, J. "Glomus clarum (Glomales, Zygomycetes), a new vesicular- arbuscular fungus to Poland." Mycotaxon 52 (1994): 99-107. 

Colozzi-Filho, A., Siqueira, J.O., Junior, O.J.S., Guimaraes, P.T.G., and Oliveira, E. "Effectiveness of different arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi on initial and post-transplant growth and bean yield of coffee tree seedlings." Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 29, no. 9 (1994): 1397-1406. 

Fagbola, O., Osonubi, O., and Mulongoy, K. "Growth of cassava cultivar TMS 30572 as affected by alley-cropping and mycorrhizal inoculation." Biology and Fertility of Soils 27, no. 1 (1998): 9-14. 

Handley, L.L., Daft, M.J., Wilson, J., Scrimgeour, C.M., Ingleby, K., and Sattar, M.A. "Effects of the Ecto-Mycorrhizal and VA-Mycorrhizal Fungi Hydnagium carneum and Glomus clarum on the delta-n-15 and delta-c- 13 Values of Eucalyptus globulus and Ricinus communis." Plant Cell and Environment 16 (1993): 375-382. 

Jabaji-Hare, S.H., Therien, J., and Charest, P.M. "High resolution cytochemical study of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal association, Glomus clarum X Allium porrum." New Phytologist 114 (1990): 481-496. 

Louis, I. and Lim, G. "Effect of storage of inoculum on spore germination of a tropical isolate of Glomus clarum." Mycologia 80 (1988): 157-161. 

Louis, I. and Lim, G. "Differential response in growth and mycorrhizal colonization of soybean to inoculation with two isolates of Glomus clarum in soils of different P availability." Plant and Soil 112 (1988): 37-43. 

Louis, I. and Lim, G. "Observations on in vitro sporulation of Glomus clarum." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 91 (1988): 698-699. 

Rothwell, F.M. "Aggregation of surface mine soil by interaction between VAM fungi and lignin degradation products of lespedeza." Plant and Soil 80 (1984): 99-104.  

Schubert, A. and Hayman, D.S. "Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza XVI. Effectiveness of different endophytes at different levels of soil phosphate." New Phytologist 103 (1986): 79-90.

 Schubert, A., Marzachi, C., Mazzitelli, M., Cravero, M.C., and Bonfante-Fasolo, P. "Development of total and viable extraradical mycelium in the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck." New Phytologist 107 (1987): 183-190.

 Simpson, D. and Daft, M.J. "Spore production and mycorrhizal development in various tropical crop hosts infected with Glomus clarum." Plant and Soil 121 (1990): 171-178. 

Vaast, P., Caswellchen, E.P., and Zasoski, R.J. "Influences of a root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, and two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Acaulospora mellea and Glomus clarum on coffee (Coffea arabica L.)." Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, no. 2 (1998): 130-135. 

Venkateswarlu, k., Algarni, S.M., and Daft, M.J. "The impact of carbofuran soil application on growth and mycorrhizal colonization by Glomus clarum of groundnut." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 2 (1994): 125-128. 

Walley, F.L. and Germida, J.J. "Response of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) to interactions between pseudomonas species and glomus clarum NT4." Biology and Fertility of Soils 24, no. 4 (1997): 365-371. 

Walley, F.L. and Germida, J.J. "Failure to decontaminate Glomus clarum NT4 spores is due to spore wall-associated bacteria." Mycorrhiza 6, no. 1 (1996): 43-49. 

Xavier, L.J.C. and Germida, J.J. "Growth response of lentil and wheat to Glomus clarum NT4 over a range of P levels in a Saskatchewan soil containing indigenous AM fungi." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 1 (1997): 3-8. 

Glomus etunicatum

This species is one of the most common found throughout the world, based on the number and distribution of accessions in INVAM (from tundra of Alaska to deserts of Namibia). 

Aboulnasr, A. "Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on Tagetes erecta and Zinnia elegans." Mycorrhiza 6, no. 1 (1996): 61-64. 

Baltruschat, H. "Field inoculation of maize with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by using expanded clay as carrier material for mycorrhiza." Z.Pflanzenkrank.Pflanzen. 94 (1987): 419-430. 

Blaszkowski, J. "Polish endogonaceae 2. Acaulospora rugosa, glomus aggregatum, glomus etunicatum, glomus fasciculatum and glomus occultum." Karstenia 30 (1990):1-13. 

Demiranda, J.C.C. and Harris, P.J. "Effects of soil phosphorus on spore germination and hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." New Phytologist 128, no. 1 (1994): 103-108. 

Fang, Y.C., McGraw, A.C., Modjo, H., and Hendrix, J.W. "A procedure for isolation of single-spore cultures of certain endomycorrhizal fungi." New Phytologist 95 (1983):107-114. 

Feldmann, F. and Boyle, C. "Concurrent development of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and powdery mildew infection on three Begonia hiemalis cultivars." Z.Pflanzenkrank.Pflanzen. 105, no. 2 (1998): 121-129. 

Feldmann, F., Kruse, W., Boyle, C., and Lieberei, R. "The strain-inherent variability of arbuscular mycorrhizal effectiveness: I. Development of a test system using Petroselinum crispum Hoffm. as host." Symbiosis 25, no. 1-3 (1998): 115-129. 

Feldmann, F. "The strain-inherent variability of arbuscular mycorrhizal effectiveness: II. Effectiveness of single spores." Symbiosis 25 (1998): 131-143. 

Hetrick, B.A.D., Kitt, D.G., and Wilson, G.T. "Effects of drought stress on growth response in corn, sudan grass, and big blue stem to Glomus etunicatum." New Phytologist 105 (1987): 403-410.

Hetrick, B.A.D., Wilson, G.W.T., and Owensby, C.E. "Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and fertilization on big bluestem seedling biomass." J.Rubb.Res.Inst.Malaysia 42 (1989):213-216. 

Hetrick, B.A.D., Kitt, D.G., and Wilson, G.T. "The influence of phosphorus fertilization, drought, fungal species, and nonsterile soil on mycorrhizal growth response in tall grass prairie plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 64 (1986): 1199-1203. 

Kim, K.Y., Jordan, D., and Mcdonald, G.A. "Effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on tomato growth and soil microbial activity." Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, no. 2 (1998): 79-87.

 Kitt, D.G., Hetrick, B.A.D., and Wilson, G.T. "Sporulation of two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in nonsterile soil." Mycologia 79 (1987): 896-899.

 

Klironomos, J.N., Ursic, M., Rillig, M., and Allen, M.F. "Interspecific differences in the response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to Artemisia tridentata grown under elevated atmospheric CO2." New Phytologist 138, no. 4 (1998): 599-605. 

Liyanage, H.D. Effects of phosphorus nutrition and host species on root colonization and sporulation by vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi in sand-vermiculite medium.(University if Florida, Gainesville: M.S. Thesis, 1989).

 Mendoza, J. and Borie, F. "Effect of Glomus etunicatum inoculation on aluminum, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium uptake of two barley genotypes with different aluminum tolerance." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 29, no. 5-6 

Nemec, S. "Histochemical characteristics of Glomus etunicatus infection of Citrus limon fibrous roots." Canadian Journal of Botany 59 (1981): 609-625.

 Nemec, S. and O'Bannon, J.H. "Response of citrus aurantium to Glomus etunicatus and Glomus mosseae after soil treatment with selective fumigants." Plant and Soil 53 (1979):351-359.

 Nemec, S. and O'Bannon, J.H. "Response of Citrus aurentium to Glomus etunicatum and Glomus mosseae after soil treatment with selected fumigants." Plant and Soil 26 (1979):351-361.  

Pacovsky, R.S. "Diazotroph establishment and maintenance in the Sorghum Glomus Azospirillum association." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35 (1989): 977-981. 

Sylvia, D.M., Hammond, L.C., Bennett, J.M., and Haas, J.H. Field response of corn to water management and inoculation with Glomus etunicatum. 8th North America Conference on Mycorrhizae . 1990.

 Wilson, G.W.T., Hetrick, B.A.D., and Kitt, D.G. "Suppression of mycorrhizal growth response of big bluestem by non-sterile soil." Mycologia 80 (1988): 338-343. 

yAMADA, y. and Ikeda, M. "Responses of soybean plants to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation." J.Fac.Agr.Kyushu Univ. 31 (1987): 365-372. 

 

Glomus intraradices

 aboul-Nasr A (1998) Effects of inoculation with Glomus intraradices on growth, nutrient uptake and metabolic activities of squash plants under drought stress conditions. Ann Agric Sci Cairo 1:119--133.
    Abstract

Aguilera-Gomez L, Davies FT, Olalde-Portugal V, Duray SA, Phavaphutanon L. 1999. Influence of phosphorus and endomycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) on gas exchange and plant growth of chile ancho pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis). Photosynthetica 36: 441-449.
   
Abstract

Augé, R.M., Schekel, K.A., and Wample, R.L. "Rose leaf elasticity changes in response to mycorrhizal colonization and drought acclimation." Physiologia Plantarum 70 (1987): 175-182. 

Augé, R.M., Schekel, K.A., and Wample, R.L. "Greater leaf conductance of well-watered VA mycorrhizal rose plants is not related to phosphorus nutrition." New Phytologist 103 (1986): 107-116. 

Augé, R.M., Schekel, K.A., and Wample, R.L. "Osmotic adjustment in leaves of VA mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal rose plants in response to drought stress." Plant Physiology 82 (1986): 765-770. 

Bago, B., Azcón-Aguilar, C., Goulet, A., and Piche, Y. "Branched absorbing structures (BAS): a feature of the extraradical mycelium of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." New Phytologist 139, no. 2 (1998): 375-388.

 Bago, B., Azcón-Aguilar, C., and Piche, Y. "Architecture and developmental dynamics of the external mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices grown under monoxenic conditions." Mycologia 90, no. 1 (1998): 52-62. 

Blee, K.A. and Anderson, A.J. "Defense-related transcript accumulation in phaseolus vulgaris l colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices schenck & smith." Plant Physiology 110, no. 2 (1996): 675-688. 

Camprubi, A., Calvet, C., and Estaun, V. "Growth enhancement of Citrus reshni after inoculation with Glomus intraradices and Trichoderma aureoviride and associated effects on microbial populations and enzyme activity in potting mixes." Plant and Soil 173, no. 2 (1995): 233-238. 

Caron, M., Fortin, J.A., and Richard, C. "Effect of phosphorus concentration and Glomus intraradices on Fusarium crown and root rot of tomatoes." Phytopathology 76 (1986): 942-946. 

Caron, M., Richard, C., and Fortin, J.A. "Effect of preinfestation of the soil by a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, on Fusarium crown and root rot of tomatoes." Phytoprotection 67 (1986): 15-19 .

 Datnoff, L.E., Nemec, S., and Pernezny, K. "Biological control of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato in Florida using Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus intraradices." Biological Control 5, no. 3 (1995): 427-431.

 David, R., Itzhaki, H., Ginzberg, I., Gafni, Y., Galili, G., and Kapulnik, Y. "Suppression of tobacco basic chitinase gene expression in response to colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 11, no. 6 (1998): 489-497.

 De Souza, P.V.D., Berjon, M.A., Orenga, V.A., and Fonfria, M.A. "Troyer citrange growth inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus, in two growing media." Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 32, no. 10 (1997): 1039-1045.

 Dugassa, D.G., Grunewaldt-Stocker, G., and Schonbeck, F. "Growth of Glomus intraradices and its effect on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in hydroponic culture." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 4 (1995): 279-282.

 Dutra, P.V., Abad, M., Almela, V., and Agusti, M. "Auxin interaction with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices schenck-and-smith improves vegetative growth of 2 citrus rootstocks." Scientia Horticulturae 66, no. 1-2 (1996):77-83.

 Ebel, R.C., Welbaum, G.E., Gunatilaka, M., Nelson, W.G., and Augé, R.M. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and nonhydraulic: Signaling of soil drying in Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp." Mycorrhiza 6, no. 2 (1996): 119-127.

 Elmeskaoui, A., Damont, J.P., Poulin, M.J., Piche, Y., and Desjardins, Y. "A tripartite culture system for endomycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated strawberry plantlets in vitro." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 5 (1995): 313-319.

 Estaun, V., Save, R., and Biel, C. "AM inoculation as a biological tool to improve plant revegetation of a disturbed soil with Rosmarinus officinalis under semi-arid conditions." Applied Soil Ecology 6, no. 3 (1997): 223-229.

 Frey, B., Vilarino, A., Schüepp, H., and Arines, J. "Chitin and Ergosterol Content of Extraradical and Intraradical Mycelium of the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994): 711-717.

 Fries, L.L.M., Pacovsky, R.S., and Safir, G.R. "Expression of isoenzymes altered by both glomus intraradices colonization and formononetin application in corn (zea-mays l) roots." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28, no. 8 (1996): 981-988.

 Frey, J.E. and Ellis, J.R. "Relationship of soil properties and soil amendments to response of Gomus intraradices and soybeans." Soil Science Society of America (1997).

 Frey, J.E. and Ellis, J.R. "Relationship of soil properties and soil amendments to response of glomus intraradices and soybeans." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 3 (1997): 483-491. 

Fries, L.L.M., Pacovsky, R.S., Safir, G.R., and Kaminski, J. "Phosphorus effect on phosphatase activity in endomycorrhizal maize." Physiologia Plantarum 103, no. 2 (1998): 162-171.

 Galli, U., Schuepp, H., and Brunold, C. "Thiols of Cu-treated maize plants inoculated with the arbuscular- mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices." Physiologia Plantarum 94, no. 2 (1995): 247-253.

 Gaur, A., Adholeya, A., and Mukerji, K.G. "A comparison of AM fungi inoculants using Capsicum and Polianthes in marginal soil amended with organic matter." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 6 (1998): 307-312.

Graham, J.H., Timmer, L.W., and Fardelmann, D. "Toxicity of fungicidal copper in soil of citrus seedlings and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Phytopathology 76 (1986): 66-70. 

Graham, J.H. and Fardelmann, D. "Inoculation of citrus with root fragments containing chlamydospores of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices." Canadian Journal of Botany 64 (1986): 1739-1744. 

Hamel, C., Dalpe, Y., Furlan, V., and Parent, S. "Indigenous populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil aggregate stability are major determinants of leek (Allium porrum L.) response to inoculation with Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith or Glomus versiforme (Karsten) Berch." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 4 (1997): 187-196. 

Hamel, C., Morin, F., Fortin, A., Granger, R.L., and Smith, D.L. "Mycorrhizal colonization increases herbicide toxicity in apple." Journal of American Society for Horticulture Science 119, no. 6 (1994): 1255-1260. 

Harinikumar, K.M. and Bagyaraj, D.J. "Persistence of introduced Glomus intraradices in the field as influenced by repeated inoculation and cropping system." Biology and Fertility of Soils 21, no. 3 (1996): 184-188. 

Haugen, L.M. and Smith, S.E. "The Effect of High Temperature and Fallow Period on Infection of Mung Bean and Cashew Roots by the Vesicular arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices." Plant and Soil 145 (1992): 71-80. 

Hernandez_Sebastia C, Samson G, Bernier PY, Piche Y, Desjardins Y. 2000. Glomus intraradices causes differential changes in amino acid and starch concentrations of in vitro strawberry subjected to water stress. New Phytologist 148: 177-186. 

Hernandez-Sebastia C, Piche Y, Desjardins Y. 1999. Water relations of whole strawberry plantlets in vitro inoculated with Glomus intraradices in a tripartite culture system. Plant Sci. 143: 81-91.
   
Abstract

Jabaji-Hare, S.H. and Kendrick, W.B. "Response of an endomycorrhizal fungus in Allium porrum L. to different concentration of systemic fungicides, metalaxyl and fosetyl-Al." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19 (1987): 95-99.

 Jacquelinet-Jeanmougin, J., Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., and Gianinazzi, S. "Endomycorrhizas in the Gentianaceae. II. Ultrastructural aspects of symbiont relationship in Gentiana lutea L." Symbiosis 3 (1987): 269-286.

 Jarstfer, A.G., "Effect of inoculum placement on sporulation of Glomus intraradices in onion root systems.," in Mycorrhizae in the Next Decade Practical Applications and Research Priorities, edited by D. M. Sylvia, L. L. Hung, and J. H. Graham (Gainesville: University of Florida, 1987), 27.

 Jarstfer, A.G. and Schenck, N.C. Spatial distribution of Glomus intraradices sporulation in onion root systems. Phytopathology 76, 1111. 1986. Ref Type: Abstract

 Johansen, A., Finlay, R.D., and Olsson, P.A. "Nitrogen-metabolism of external hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices." New Phytologist 133, no. 4 (1996): 705-712.

 Jolicoeur, M., Germette, S., Gaudette, M., Perrier, M., and Becard, G. "Intracellular pH in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - A symbiotic physiological marker." Plant Physiology 116, no. 4 (1998): 1279-1288.

 Kaldorf, M., Schmelzer, E., and Bothe, H. "Expression of maize and fungal nitrate reductase genes in arbuscular mycorrhiza." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 11, no. 6 (1998): 439-448.

 Kjoller, R. and Rosendahl, S. "The presence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices influences enzymatic activities of the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches in pea roots." Mycorrhiza 6, no. 6 (1997): 487-491. 

Klironomos, J.N. and Ursic, M. "Density-dependent grazing on the extraradical hyphal network of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, by the collembolan, Folsomia candida." Biology and Fertility of Soils 26, no. 3 (1998): 250-253. 

Klironomos, J.N., Ursic, M., Rillig, M., and Allen, M.F. "Interspecific differences in the response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to Artemisia tridentata grown under elevated atmospheric CO2." New Phytologist 138, no. 4 (1998): 599-605.

 Koch, K.E. and Johnson, C.R. "Photosynthate partitioning in split-root citrus seedlings with mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal root systems." Plant Physiology 75 (1984): 26-30.

Koske, R.E. and Gemma, J.N. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Hawaiian sand dunes: Island of Kaua." Pacific Science 1 (1996): 36-45.

 Lambais, M.R. and Mehdy, M.C. "Soybean roots infected by Glomus intraradices strains differing in infectivity exhibit differential chitinase and beta-1,3- glucanase expression." New Phytologist 134, no. 3 (1996): 531-538.

 Levy, Y., Syvertsen, J.P., and Nemec, S. "Effect of drought stress and VAM on citrus transpiration and hydraulic conductivity of roots." New Phytologist 93 (1983): 61.

 Ludwigmuller, J., Kaldorf, M., Sutter, E.G., and Epstein, E. "Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is enhanced in young maize (zea mays l) roots colonized with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices." Plant Science 125, no. 2 (1997): 153-162.

 Maia, L.C. and Kimbrough, J.W. "Ultrastructural studies on spores of Glomus intraradices." International Journal of Plant Sciences 155, no. 6 (1994): 689-698. 

Martin, J., Garcia-Romera, I., Ocampo, J.A., and Palma, J.M. "Superoxide dismutase and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Relationship between the isoenzyme pattern and the colonizing fungus." Symbiosis 24, no. 2 (1998): 247-257. 

Medina-Gonzales, O.A., Sylvia, D.M., and Kretschmer, A.E. "Growth response of tropical forage legumes to inoculation of Glomus intraradices." Tropical Grasslands 21 (1987): 24-27. 

Mosse, B. "Some studies relating to "independent" growth of vesicular-arbuscular endophytes." Canadian Journal of Botany 66 (1988): 2533-2540. 

Murphy, P.J., Langridge, P., and Smith, S.E. "Cloning plant genes differentially expressed during colonization of roots of Hordeum vulgare by the vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices." New Phytologist 135, no. 2 (1997): 291-301.

 Nemec, S. "Longevity of microbial biocontrol agents in a planting mix amended with Glomus intraradices." Biocontrol Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (1997): 183-192.

 Nelson, S.D. "Rooting and subsequent growth of woody ornamental softwood cuttings treated with endomycorrhizal inoculum." Journal of American Society for Horticulture Science 112 (1987): 263-266.

 Newton, R. and Yeager, T. "Ornamental plant nutrition-mycorrhizae result in demonstration." The Woody Ornamentalist 10(11) (1985). 

Nouaim, R. and Chaussod, R. "Mycorrhizal Dependency of Micropropagated Argan Tree (Argania Spinosa): 1. Growth and Biomass Production." Agroforestry Systems 27, no. 1 (1994): 53-65. 

Pattinson, G.S., Smith, S.E., and Doube, B.M. "Earthworm Aporrectodea trapezoides had no effect on the dispersal of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus intraradices." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, no. 7 (1997): 1079-1088. 

Perrin, R. and Plenchette, C. "Effect of some fungicides applied as soil drenches on the mycorrhizal infectivity of 2 cultivated soils and their receptiveness to Glomus intraradices." Crop Protection 12 (1993): 127-133.

 Plenchette, C. and Morel, C. "External phosphorus requirement of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal barley and soybean plants." Biology and Fertility of Soils 21, no. 4 (1996):303-308.

 Pinochet, J., Fernandez, C., Jaizme, M.D., and Tenoury, P. "Micropropagated banana infected with Meloidogyne javanica responds to Glomus intraradices and phosphorus." Hortscience 32, no. 1 (1997): 101-103.

 Pinochet, J., Camprubi, A., Calvet, C., Fernandez, C., and Kabana, R.R. "Inducing tolerance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus by early mycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated Myrobalan 29 C plum rootstock." Journal Of The American Society For Horticultural Science 123, no. 3 (1998): 342-347.

 Price, N.S., Roncadori, R.W., and Hussey, R.S. "The growth of nematode 'tolerant' and 'intolerant' soyabeans as affected by phosphorus, Glomus intraradices and light." Plant Pathology 44, no. 3 (1995): 597-603.

 Rousseau, A., Benhamou, N., Chet, I., and Piche, Y. "Mycoparasitism of the Extramatrical Phase of Glomus intraradices by Trichoderma harzianum." Phytopathology 86, no. 5 (1996): 434-443.

 Shumway, D.L. and Koide, R.T. "Size and reproductive inequality in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal populations of Abutilon theophrasti." Journal of Ecology 83, no. 4 (1995): 613-620.

 Shumway, D.L. and Koide, R.T. "Reproductive responses to mycorrhizal colonization of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. plants grown for two generations in the field." New Phytologist 128, no. 2 (1994): 219-224.

 Smith, J.E., Johnson, K.A., and Cazares, E. "Vesicular mycorrhizal colonization of seedlings of Pinaceae and Betulaceae after spore inoculation with Glomus intraradices." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 6 (1998): 279-285.

 Smith, G.S. and Roncadori, R.W. "Response of three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at four soil temperatures and their effects on cotton growth." New Phytologist 104 (1986): 89-95. 

St-Arnaud, M., Hamel, C., Vimard, B., Caron, M., and Fortin, J.A. "Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi in the non- VAM species Dianthus caryophyllus by co-culture with Tagetes patula companion plants colonized by Glomus intraradices." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 6 (1997): 998-1005. 

St-Arnaud, M., Hamel, C., Vimard, B., Caron, M., and Fortin, A. Enhanced hyphal growth and spore production of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in an in vitro system in the absence of host roots. Mycological Research 100, 328-332. 1996.

 St-Arnaud, M., Hamel, C., Vimard, B., Caron, M., and Fortin, J.A. "Altered growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. chrysanthemi in an in vitro dual culture system with the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices growing on Daucus carota transformed roots." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 6 (1995): 431-438.

 Subramanian, K.S. and Charest, C. "Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the metabolism of maize under drought stress." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 4 (1995): 273-278.

 Subramanian, K.S. and Charest, C. "Arbuscular mycorrhizae and nitrogen assimilation in maize after drought and recovery." Physiologia Plantarum 102, no. 2 (1998): 285-296. 

Sylvia, D.M. and Hubbell, D.H. "Growth and sporulation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in aeroponic and membrane systems." Symbiosis 1 (1986): 259-267.

 Varma, A. and Schüepp, H. "Infectivity and Effectiveness of Glomus intraradices on Micropropagated Plants." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 1 (1994): 29-37.

 Vilarino, A., Frey, B., and Shuepp, H. "MES [2-(n-morpholine)-ethane sulphonic acid] buffer promotes the growth of external hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices in an alkaline sand." Biology and Fertility of Soils 25, no. 1 (1997):79-81.

 Vilarino, A., Frey, B., and Shuepp, H. Production of extramatrical mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices by different plant treatments. 1995. Ref Type: Unpublished Work

Wan, M.T. and Rahe, J.E. "Impact of azadirachtin on Glomus intraradices and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in root inducing transferred DNA transformed roots of Daucus carota." Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 17, no. 10 (1998):2041-2050.

 Wan, M.T., Rahe, J.E., and Watts, R.G. "A new technique for determining the sublethal toxicity of pesticides to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices." Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry 17, no. 7 (1998):1421-1428.

 Wan, M.T., Rahe, J.E., and Wong, C. "Persistence of azadirachtin-A in two biological systems used for culturing mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices." J.Environ.Sci.Health B-Pestic 32, no. 6 (1997): 929-953.

 

Glomus mosseae

 Abdelfattah, G.M. "Functional activity of VA-mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) in the growth and productivity of soybean plants grown in sterilized soil." Folia Microbiol Prague 42, no. 5 (1997): 495-502.

 Aldwell, F.E.B. and Hall, I.R. "Monitoring spread of Glomus mosseae through soil infested with Acaulospora laevis using serological and morphological techniques." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 87 (1986): 131-134.

 Allen, M.F. and Boosalis, M.G. "Effects of two species of VA mycorrhizal fungi on drought tolerance of winter wheat." New Phytologist 93 (1983): 67-76.

 Amdra-Lazcano, E., Vazquez, M.M., and Azcon, R. "Response of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Biology and Fertility of Soils 27, no. 1 (1998): 65-70.

Ames, R.N., Reid, C.P.P., Porter, L.K., and Cambardella, C. "Hyphal uptake and transport of nitrogen from two 15N-labeled sources by Glomus mosseae, a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus." New Phytologist 95 (1983): 381-396. 

Amijee, F., Tinker, P.B., and Stribley, D.P. "Effects of phosphorus on the morphology of VA mycorrhizal root system of leek (Allium porrum L.)." Plant and Soil 119 (1990):334-336. 

Andrade, G., Mihara, K.L., Linderman, R.G., and Bethlenfalvay, G.J. "Soil aggregation status and rhizobacteria in the mycorrhizosphere." Plant and Soil 202, no. 1 (1998):89-96. 

Andrade, G., Linderman, R.G., and Bethlenfalvay, G.J. "Bacterial associations with the mycorrhizosphere and hyphosphere of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Plant and Soil 202, no. 1 (1998): 79-87.

 Andrade, G., Azcon, R., and Bethlenfalvay, G.J. "A rhizobacterium modifies plant and soil responses to the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Applied Soil Ecology 2, no. 3 (1995): 195-202.

 An, Z.-Q. and Hendrix, J.W. "Determining viability of endogonaceous spores with a vital stain." Mycologia 80 (1988): 259-261. 

Astrom, H., Giovannetti, M., and Raudaskoski, M. "Cytoskeletal Components in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus Mosseae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 7 (1994): 309-312. 

Azaizeh, H.A., Marschner, H., Romheld, V., and Wittenmayer, L. "Effects of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and other soil microorganisms on growth, mineral nutrient acquisition and root exudation of soil-grown maize plants." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 5 (1995): 321-327.

 Azcón, R. "Germination and hyphal growth of Glomus mosseae in vitro: Effects of rhizosphere bacteria and cell-free culture media." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19 (1987): 417-419. 

Azcon, C. and et al. "An improved procedure for the study of axenic growth of the endomycorrhizal Glomus mosseae." Microbios Letters 9 (1981): 127-131. 

Azcón-Aguilar, C. and Barea, J.M. "An improved procedure for the study of axenic growth of the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Microbios Letters 9 (1979):127-131.

 Azcón-Aguilar, C., Diazrodriguez, R.M., and Barea, J.M. "Effect of soil microorganisms on spore germination and growth of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 86 (1986): 337.

 Barea, J.M., Andrade, G., Bianciotto, V., Dowling, D., Lohrke, S., Bonfante, P., O'Gara, F., and Azcón-Aguilar, C. "Impact on arbuscular mycorrhiza formation of Pseudomonas strains used as inoculants for biocontrol of soil-borne fungal plant pathogens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 6 (1998): 2304-2307.

 Barea, J.M. and Azcón-Aguilar, C. "Production of plant growth-regulating substances by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43 (1982): 810-813. 

Bavaresco, L. and Fogher, C. "Effect of Root Infection with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus mosseae in Improving Fe-Efficiency of Grapevine Ungrafted Rootstocks." Vitis 31 (1992): 163-168.

 Bertheau, Y., Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., and Gianinazzi, S. "Development and expression of VA endomycorrhizas in wheat: evidence of a varietal effect." Ann.Amelior.Plantes 30 (1980): 67-78.

 Bethlenfalvay, G.J. and Ames, R.N. "Comparison of two methods for quantifying extraradical mycelium of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Soil Science Society America Journal 51 (1987): 834-837.

 Bethlenfalvay, G.J., Franson, R.L., Brown, M.S., and Mihara, K.L. "The glycine-glomus-bradyrhizobium symbiosis. IX. Nutritional, morphological and physiological responses of nodulated soybean to geographic isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus glomus mosseae." Physiolologia Plantarium 76 (1989): 226-232.

Bethlenfalvay, G.J., Franson, R.L., Dakessian, S., Brown, M.S., and Mihara, K.L. "The Glycine-Glomus-Rhizobium symbiosis. XI. Nutritional, morphological, and physiological responses of nodulated soybean to geographic isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Physiologia Plantarum 76 (1989): 226-232. 

Bonfante-Fasolo, P. and Schubert, A. "Spore wall architecture of Glomus spp." Canadian Journal of Botany 65 (1987): 539-546.

Bonfante-Fasolo, P. and et al. "Cytochemical modification in the host-fungus interface during intracellular interactions in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae." Plant Sci.Letters 22 (1981): 13-21.

Bryan, W.C. and Ruehle, J.L. "Growth stimulation of sweetgum seedlings induced by the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Tree Planters Notes 27 (1976): 9. 

Clarke, C. and Mosse, B. "Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. XII. Field inoculation responses of barley at two phosphorus levels." New Phytologist 87 (1981): 695-703.

 Calvet, C., Barea, J.M., and Pera, J. "In vitro Interactions Between the Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae and Some Saprophytic Fungi Isolated from Organic Substrates." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24 (1992): 775-780. 

Calvet, C., Pera, J., and Barea, J.M. "Growth response of marigold (Tagetes erecta L) to inoculation with Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma aureoviride and Pythium ultimum in a peat-perlite mixture." Plant and Soil 148 (1993): 1-6.

 Camprubi, A., Estaun, V., Calvet, C., and Pera--J-. "Infectivity and effectivity of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizae in four different species of medicinal plants." Symbiosis 9 (1990): 305-307.

Camprubi, A., Pinochet, J., Calvet, C., and Estaun, V. "Effects of the Root-Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus vulnus and the Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae on the Growth of 3 Plum Rootstocks." Plant and Soil 153 (1993): 223-229.

 Capaccio, C.M. and Callow, J.A. "The enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas." New Phytologist 91 (1982): 81-92. 

Carcia-Garrido, J.M. and Ocampo, J.A. "Interaction between Glomus mosseae and P. syringae in tomato plant rhizosphere." Anales de Edafologia y Agrobiologia 47 (1988):1679-1685. 

Carr, G.R., Hinkley, M.A., Le Tacon, F., Hepper, C.M., Jones, M.G.K., and Thomas, E.D. "Improved Hyphal growth of two species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of suspension-cultured plant cells." New Phytologist 101 (1985): 417-426. 

Citernesi, A.S., Fortuna, P., Filippi, C., Bagnoli, G., and Giovannetti, M. "The occurrence of antagonistic bacteria in Glomus mosseae pot cultures." Agronomie 16, no. 10 (1996): 671-677.

 Cooper, K.M. and Tinker, P.B. "Translocation and transfer of nutrients in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. IV. Effect of environmental variables on movement of phosphorus." New Phytologist 88 (1981): 327-339.

 Cooper, K.M. and Losel, D.M. "Lipid physiology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. I. Composition of lipids in roots of onion, clover, and ryegrass infected with Glomus mosseae." New Phytologist 80 (1978): 143-152.

 Cress, W.A., Johnson, G.V., and Barton, L.L. "The role of endomycorrhizal fungi in iron uptake by Hilaria jamesii." Journal of Plant Nutrition 9 (1986): 547-556.

Crows, C.E., Johnson, C.R., and Joiner, J.N. "Benefits of mycorrhizae on growth and development of three woody ornamentals." Horticultural Science 13 (1978): 429-430. 

Daft, M.J. and El-Giahmi, A.A. "Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on plant growth. VIII. Effects of defoliation and light on selected hosts." New Phytologist 80 (1978): 365-372. 

Daniels, B.A. and Graham, S.O. "Effects of nutrition and soil extracts on germination of Glomus mosseae spores." Mycologia 68 (1976): 108-116. 

Dar, G.H., Zargar, M.Y., and Beigh, G.M. "Biocontrol of fusarium root rot in the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l) by using symbiotic glomus mosseae and rhizobium leguminosarum." Microbial Ecology 34, no. 1 (1997): 74-80.

 Dassi, B., Dumas-Gaudot, E., Asselin, A., Richard, C., and Gianinazzi, S. "Chitinase and b -1,3-glucanase isoforms expressed in pea roots inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal or pathogenic fungi." European Journal of Plant Pathology 102, no. 1 (1996): 105-108. 

Dehne, H.W. and Schönbeck, F. "The influence of endotrophic mycorrhiza on plant diseases. 3. Chitinase-activity and ornithine-cycle." Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 85(11) (1978): 666-678.

 Dexheimer, J.S. and et al. "Ultrastructure cytochemistry of the host-fungus interfaces in the endomycorrhizal associations Glomus mosseae/Allium cepa." Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzemphysiologie 92 (1979): 191-207.

 Diem, H.G. and Gauthier, D. "Effect of endomycorrhizal infection (Glomus mosseae) on the nodulation and growth of Casuarina equisetifolia." C.R.Acad.Sci.Ser.III-III-E 294 (1982): 215.

 Dodd, J.C. "Inter- and intraspecific variation within the morphologically-similar arbuscular mycorhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus coronatum." New Phytologist 133 (1996): 113-122.

 Douds, D.D. "A procedure for the establishment of Glomus mosseae in dual culture with Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 2 (1997): 57-61.

 Edwards, S.G., Fitter, A.H., and Young, J.W. "Quantification of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, within plant roots by competitive polymerase chain reaction." Mycological Research 101, no. Part:12 (1997): 1440-1444.

Estaun, M.V. "Effect of sodium chloride and mannitol on germination and hyphal growth of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus Mosseae." Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 29 (1990): 123-129.

 Filippi, C., Bagnoli, G., Citernesi, A.S., and Giovannetti, M. "Ultrastructural spatial distribution of bacteria associated with sporocarps of Glomus mosseae." Symbiosis 24, no. 1 (1998): 1-12.

 Fracchia, S., Mujica, M.T., Garcia-Romera, I., Garcia-Garrido, J.M., Martin, J., Ocampo, J.A., and Godeas, A. "Interactions between Glomus mosseae and arbuscular mycorrhizal sporocarp-associated saprophytic fungi." Plant and Soil 200, no. 2 (1998): 131-137. 

Ganry, F., Diem, H.G., and Dommergues, Y.R. "Effect of inoculation with Glomus mosseae on nitrogen fixation by field grown soybeans." Plant and Soil 68 (1982):321-329.

 Ganry, F., Diem, H.G., Wey, J., and Dommergues, Y.R. "Inoculation with Glomus mosseae improves N2 fixation by field-grown soybeans." Biology and Fertility of Soils 1 (1985): 15-23.

 Garcia-Garrido, J.M., Garcia-Romera, I., Parra-Garcia, M.D., and Ocampo, J.A. "Purification of an arbuscular mycorrhizal endoglucanase from onion roots colonized by Glomus mosseae." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28, no. 10-11 (1996): 1443-1449. 

Garcia-Romera, I., Garcia-Garrido, J.M., Martin, J., Fracchia, S., Mujica, M.T., Godeas, A., and Ocampo, J.A. "Interactions between saprotrophic Fusarium strains and arbuscular mycorrhizas of soybean plants." Symbiosis 24, no. 2 (1998): 235-245.

 Garcia-Romera, I. and Ocampo, J.A. "Comparative study of the efficiency of G. mosseae and indigenous VA endophytes from two soils of Granada (Spain)." Annales de Edafologia y Agrobiologia 46 (1987): 713-720.

 Garcia-Garrido, J.M., Garcia-Romera, I., and Ocampo, J.A. "Cellulase Production by the Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd) Gerd and Trappe." New Phytologist 121 (1992): 221-226.

 Garcia-Garrido, J.M. and Ocampo, J.A. "Interaction between Glomus mosseae and Erwinia carotovora and its effects on the growth of tomato plants." New Phytologist 110 (1989): 551-555. 

George, E., Häussler, K.U., Vetterlein, D., Gorgus, E., and Marschner, H. "Water and nutrient translocation by hyphae of Glomus mosseae." Canadian Journal of Botany 70 (1992): 2130-2137. 

Gianinazzi, S., Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., and Dexheimer, J. "Enzymatic studies on the metabolism of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. III. Ultrastructural localization of acid and alkaline phophotases in onion roots infected by Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe." New Phytologist 82 (1979): 127-132.

 Giovannetti, M., Avio, L., Sbrana, C., and Citernesi, A.S. "Factors Affecting Appressorium Development in the Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus-Mosseae (Nicol gerd) gerd &amp Trappe." New Phytologist 123 (1993):115-122. 

Giovannetti, M. and Hepper, C.M. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in Hedysarum cornarium and Onobrychis viciaefolia: host-endophyte specificity." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17 (1985): 899-900. 

Giovannetti, M., Sbrana, C., and Logi, C. "Early processes involved in host recognition by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." New Phytologist 127, no. 4 (1994): 703-709.

 Green, N.E., Graham, S.O., and Schenck, N.C. "The influence of pH on the germination of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal spores." Mycologia 68 (1976): 929-934.

 Gueye, M., Diem, H.G., and Dommergues, Y.R. "Variation in N2 fixation, N and P content of mycorrhizal Vigna unguiculata in relation to the progressive development of extraradical hyphae of Glomus mosseae." MIRCEN J. 3 (1987): 75-86. 

Hawkins, H.J. and George, E. "Hydroponic culture of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae with Linum usitatissimum L., Sorghum bicolor L. and Triticum aestivum L." Plant and Soil 196, no. 1 (1997): 143-149.

 Hepper, C.M., Sen, R., Azcón-Aguilar, C., and Grace, C.A. "Variation in certain isozymes amongst different geographical isolates of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus clarum, Glomus monosporum and Glomus mosseae." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20 (1988): 51-59.

 Herskowitz, J.M. and Estey, R.H. "Endogonaceae from Quebec soils." Canadian Journal of Botany 56 (1977): 1095-1098.

 Hetrick, B.A.D., Kitt, D.G., and Wilson, G.T. "The influence of phosphorus fertilization, drought, fungal species, and nonsterile soil on mycorrhizal growth response in tall grass prairie plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 64 (1986): 1199-1203.

 Hetrick, B.A.D. and Bloom, J. "The influence of host plant on production and colonization ability of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal spores." Mycologia 78 (1986): 32-36.

 Hetrick, B.A.D., Hetrick, J.A., and Bloom, J. "Interaction of mycorrhizal infection, P level and moisture stress in growth of field corn." Canadian Journal of Botany 62 (1984):2267-2271.

Ho, I. and Trappe, J.M. "Nitrate reducing capacity of two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Mycologia 67 (1975): 886-888. 

Islam, R. and Ayanaba, A. "Effect of seed inoculation and pre-infecting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with Glomus mosseae on growth and seed yield of the plants under field conditions." Plant and Soil 61 (1981): 341-350. 

Jacquelinet-Jeanmougin, J., Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., and Gianinazzi, S. "Endomycorrhizas in the Gentianaceae. II. Ultrastructural aspects of symbiont relationship in Gentiana lutea L." Symbiosis 3 (1987): 269-286. 

Jaizme-Vega, M.C., Tenoury, P., Pinochet, J., and Jaumot, M. "Interactions between the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Glomus mosseae in banana." Plant and Soil 196, no. 1 (1997): 27-35.

 Joner, E.J. and Leyval, C. "Uptake of 109Cd by roots and hyphae of a Glomus mosseae / Trifolium subterraneum mycorrhiza from soil amended with high and low concentrations of cadmium." New Phytologist 135, no. 2 (1997): 353-360.

 Karagiannidis, N. and Hadjisavva-Zinoviadi, S. "The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae enhances growth, yield and chemical composition of a durum wheat variety in 10 different soils." Nutrient Cycling In Agroecosystems 52, no. 1 (1998): 1-7.

 Khan, A.G. "Inoculum density of Glomus mosseae and growth of onion plants in unsterilized bituminous coal spoil." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 20 (1988): 749-753.

 Kiernan, J.M., Hendrix, J.W., Stoltz, L.P., and Maronek, D.M. "Characterization of strawberry plants produced by tissue culture and infected with specific mycorrhizal fungi." Horticultural Science 19 (1984): 883-884.

Kucey, R.M.N. and Paul, E.A. "Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal spore populations in various Saskatchewan soils and the effect of inoculation with Glomus mosseae on faba bean growth in greenhouse and field trials." Can.J.Soil Sci. 63 (1983): 87-95.

 Lanfranco, L., Wyss, P., Marzachi, C., and Bonfante, P. "Generation of RAPD-PCR primers for the identification of isolates of Glomus mosseae, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus." Molecular Ecology 4 (1995): 61-68.

 LeTacon, F., Skinner, F.A., and Mosse, B. "Spore germination and hyphal growth of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae (Gerdemann and Trappe) under decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide concentrations." Canadian Journal Microbiology 29 (1983): 1280-1285.

 Leyval, C., Turnau, K., and Haselwandter, K. "Effect of heavy metal pollution on mycorrhizal colonization and function: physiological, ecological and applied aspects." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 3 (1997): 139-153.

 Lloyd-Macgilp, S.A., Chambers, S.M., Dodd, J.C., Fitter, A.H., Walker, C., and Young, J.P.W. "Diversity of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers within and among isolates of glomus-mosseae and related mycorrhizal fungi." New Phytologist 133, no. 1 (1996): 103-111.

 Liyanage, H.D. Effects of phosphorus nutrition and host species on root colonization and sporulation by vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi in sand-vermiculite medium.(University if Florida, Gainesville: M.S. Thesis, 1989).

 Luedders, V.D., Carling, D.E., and Brown, M.F. "Effect of soybean plant growth on spore production by Glomus mosseae." Plant and Soil 53 (1979): 393-397.

 Macdonald, R.M. and Lewis, M. "The occurance of some acid phosphatases and dehydrogenases in vesicular-arbuscularfungus Glomus mosseae." New Phytologist 80 (1978): 135-142.

 Mcallister, C.B., Garcia_Garrido, J.M., Garcia-Romera, I., Godeas, A., and Ocampo, J.A. "Interaction between Alternaria alternata or Fusarium equiseti and Glomus mosseae and its effects on plant growth." Biology and Fertility of Soils 24, no. 3 (1997):301-305.

 Mcallister, C.B., Garcia-Romera, I., Godeas, A., and Ocampo, J.A. "Interactions between Trichoderma koningii, Fusarium solani and Glomus mosseae: Effects on plant growth, arbuscular mycorrhizas and the saprophyte inoculants." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26, no. 10 (1994): 1363-1367.

 Martin, J., Garcia-Romera, I., Ocampo, J.A., and Palma, J.M. "Superoxide dismutase and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Relationship between the isoenzyme pattern and the colonizing fungus." Symbiosis 24, no. 2 (1998): 247-257.

 Meier, R. and Charvat, I. "Peridial Development in Glomus mosseae (Glomaceae)." American Journal of Botany 79 (1992): 928-936. 

Meier, R. and Charvat, I. "Germination of Glomus mosseae Spores - Procedure and Ultrastructural Analysis." International Journal of Plant Sciences 153 (1992):541-549.

 Millner, P.D. and Reynolds, S.R. Production and specificity of monoclonal antibodies to Glomus mosseae. Phytopathology 78, 1604. 1988. Ref Type: Abstract

 Mohr, U., Lange, J., Boller, T., Wiemken, A., and Vogeli-Lange, R. "Plant defence genes are induced in the pathogenic interaction between bean roots and Fusarium solani, but not in the symbiotic interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." New Phytologist 138, no. 4 (1998): 589-598.

 Mosse, B. and et al. "Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. XIII. Spread of an introduced vesicular-arbuscular endophyte in the field and residual growth effects of inoculation in the second year." New Phytologist 90 (1982): 521. 

Mugnier, J. and Mosse, B. "Spore germination and viability of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 88 (1987): 411-413. 

Mugnier, J. and Mosse, B. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in transformed root-inducing T-DNA roots grown axenically." Phytopathology 77 (1987): 1045-1050.

 Nemec, S. and O'Bannon, J.H. "Response of Citrus aurentium to Glomus etunicatum and Glomus mosseae after soil treatment with selected fumigants." Plant and Soil 26 (1979): 351-361.

 Nemec, S. and O'Bannon, J.H. "Response of citrus aurantium to Glomus etunicatus and Glomus mosseae after soil treatment with selective fumigants." Plant and Soil 53 (1979):351-359.

 Pacovsky, R.S. and Fuller, G. "Development of two endomycorrhizal symbioses on soybean and comparison with phosphorus fertilization." Plant and Soil 95 (1986):361-377.

 Paradis, R., Dalpe, Y., and Charest, C. "The combined effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas and short- term cold exposure on wheat." New Phytologist 129, no. 4 (1995): 637-642.

 Parra-Garcia, M.D., Glenn, M.G., and Ocampo, J.A. "Absence of VA Colonization in Oxalis pes-caprae Inoculated with Glomus mosseae." Plant and Soil 145 (1992): 298-300.

 Pattinson, G.S., Warton, D.I., Misman, R., and McGee, P.A. "The fungicides Terrazole and Terraclor and the nematicide Fenamiphos have little effect on root colonisation by Glomus mosseae and growth of cotton seedlings." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 3 (1997):155-159.

 Parvathi, K., Venkateswarlu, k., and Rao, A.S. "Toxicity of soil-applied fungicides and gypsum to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in groundnut." Canadian Journal of Botany 63 (1985): 1673.

Paul, E.A. and Kucey, R.M.N. "Carbon flows in plant microbial associations." Science 213 (1981): 473-474.

 Pinochet, J., Camprubi, A., Calvet, C., Fernandez, C., and Kabana, R.R. "Inducing tolerance to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus by early mycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated Myrobalan 29 C plum rootstock." Journal Of The American Society For Horticultural Science 123, no. 3 (1998): 342-347.

 Pinochet, J., Camprubi, A., and Calvet, C. "Effects of the Root-Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus-Vulnus and the Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae on the Growth of EMLA- 26 Apple Rootstock." Mycorrhiza 4 (1993): 79-83.

 Ponder, F.Jr. "Effect of three weeds on the growth and mycorrhizal infection of black walnut seedlings." Canadian Journal of Botany 64 (1986): 1888-1892.

 Posta, K. and Fuleky, G. "The effect of phosphorus on the mycorrhizal colonization of maize by Glomus mosseae (Nicol. Gerd)." Novenytermeles 46, no. 6 (1997): 573-582.

 Posta, K., Marschner, H., and Römheld, V. "Manganese reduction in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize." Mycorrhiza 5, no. 2 (1994): 119-124.

 Rahman, M.K. and Parsons, J.W. "Effects of inoculation with glomus mosseae, azorhizobium caulinodans and rock phosphate on the growth of and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in sesbania rostrata." Biology and Fertility of Soils 25, no. 1 (1997): 47-52. 

Rao, M.S., Reddy, P.P., and Mohandas, S. "Effect of integration of endomycorrhiza (Glomus mossae) and neem cake on the control of root-knot nematode on tomato." Z.Pflanzenkrank.Pflanzen. 102, no. 5 (1995): 526-529.

 Reinsvold, R.J. and Reeve, F.B. "The mycorrhizae of Juniperus osteosperma: Identity of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont, and resynthesis of VA mycorrhizae." Mycologia 78 (1986): 108-113.

 Saito, M., Stribley, D.P., and Hepper, C.M. "Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity of External and Internal Hyphae of a Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, Glomus mosseae (Nicol&gerd) Gerdmann and Trappe, During Mycorrhizal Colonization of Roots of Leek (Allium-Porrum L), as Revealed by Insitu Histochemical Staining." Mycorrhiza 4 (1993): 59-62. 

Samra, A., Dumas-Gaudot, E., and Gianinazzi, S. "Detection of symbiosis-related polypeptides during the early stages of the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza between Glomus mosseae and Pisum sativum roots." New Phytologist 135, no. 4 (1997): 711-722. 

Scharff, A.M., Jakobsen, I., and Rosendahl, L. "The effect of symbiotic microorganisms on phytoalexin contents of soybean roots." Journal of Plant Physiology 151, no. 6 (1997): 716-723.

 Schubert, A. and Hayman, D.S. "Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza XVI. Effectiveness of different endophytes at different levels of soil phosphate." New Phytologist 103 (1986): 79-90.

 Schwob, I., Ducher, M., Sallanon, H., and Coudret, A. "Growth and gas exchange responses of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings to inoculation with Glomus mosseae." Trees - Structure and Function 12, no. 4 (1998): 236-240.

 Siddiqui, Z.A. and Mahmood, I. "Effect of a plant growth promoting bacterium, an AM fungus and soil types on the morphometrics and reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato." Applied Soil Ecology 8, no. 1-3 (1998): 77-84.

 Sikora, R.A. "Effect of the endotrophic mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, on the host-parasite relationship of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato." Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 85 (1978): 197-202.

 Smith, S.E., Walker, N.A., and Tester, M. "The apparent width of the rhizosphere of Trifolium subterraneum L. for vesicular-arbuscular infections: effects of time and other factors." New Phytologist 104 (1986): 547-558.

 Smith, S.E., St.John, B.J., Smith, F.A., and Bromley, J.L. "Effects of mycorrhizal infection on plant growth, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in glasshouse-grown Allium cepa L." New Phytologist 103 (1986): 359-373.

 Staddon, P.L., Graves, J.D., and Fitter, A.H. "Effect of enhanced atmospheric CO2 on mycorrhizal colonization by Glomus mosseae in Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium repens." New Phytologist 139, no. 3 (1998): 571-580.

Stahl, P.D. and Christensen, M. "Population variation in the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae: Breadth of environmental tolerance." Mycological Research 95 (1991): 300-307.

 Stahl, P.D., Christensen, M., and Williams, S.E. "Population variation in the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae: uniform garden experiments." Mycological Research 94 (1990): 1070-1076.

 Siddiqui, Z.A. and Mahmood, I. "Biological-Control of Heterodera-Cajani and Fusarium-Udum on Pigeonpea by Glomus-Mosseae, Trichoderma-Harzianum, and Verticillium-Chlamydosporium." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 44, no. 1 (1996): 49-56. 

Sylvia, D.M. and Hubbell, D.H. "Growth and sporulation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in aeroponic and membrane systems." Symbiosis 1 (1986): 259-267.

 Tahiri-Alaoui, A. and Antoniw, J.F. "Cloning of genes associated with the colonization of tomato roots by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Agronomie 16, no. 10 (1997): 699-707.

 Thomson Cason, K.M., Hussey, R.B., and Roncadori, R.W. "Interaction of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus with Meloidogyne incognita on tomato." J.Nematol. 15 (1983): 410-417.

 Trotta, A., Varese, G.C., Gnavi, E., Fusconi, A., Sampo, S., and Berta, G. "Interactions between the soilborne root pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae var parasitica and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in tomato plants." Plant and Soil 185, no. 2 (1996): 199-209.

 Utkhede, R.S., Li, T.S.C., and Smith, E.M. "The Effect of Glomus mosseae and Enterobacter aerogenes on Apple Seedlings Grown in Apple Replant Disease Soil." Phytopathologische Zeitschrift (1992): 281-288.

 Verkade, S.D. "Use of colloidal silica solutions in the isolation of spores of Glomus mosseae." Mycologia 80 (1988): 109-110. 

Verkade, S.D. and Hamilton, D.F. "Effects of Glomus fasciculatum or Glomus mosseae on growth of Liriodendron tulipifera under high fertility." J.Environ.Hortic. 3 (1985): 101-103.

 Vierheilig, H., Alt, M., Lange, J., Gutrella, M., Wiemken, A., and Boller, T. "Colonization of transgenic tobacco constitutively expressing pathogenesis-related proteins by the vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61, no. 8 (1995): 3031-3034.

 Vierheilig, H., Alt, M., Mader, P., Boller, T., and Wiemken, A. "Spreading of Glomus mosseae, a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, across the rhizosphere of host and non- host plants." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 27, no. 8 (1995): 1113-1115. 

Vierheilig, H., Alt, M., Mohr, U., Boller, T., and Wiemken, A. "Ethylene Biosynthesis and Activities of Chitinase and beta- 1,3- Glucanase in the Roots of Host and Non-Host Plants of Vesicular- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi After Inoculation with Glomus mosseae." Journal of Plant Physiology 143 (1994): 337-343.

 Vierheilig, H., Alt, M., Neuhaus, J.M., Boller, T., and Wiemken, A. "Colonization of Transgenic Nicotiana sylvestris Plants, Expressing Different Forms of Nicotiana tabacum Chitinase, by the Root Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and by the Mycorrhizal Symbiont Glomus-Mosseae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 6 (1993): 261-264. 

Vilarino, A. and Sainz, M.J. "Treatment of Glomus mosseae propagules with 50% sucrose increases spore germination and inoculum potential." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29, no. 9-10 (1997): 1571-1573.

Weissenhorn, I. and Leyval, C. "Root colonization of maize by a Cd-sensitive and a Cd- tolerant Glomus mosseae and cadmium uptake in sand culture." Plant and Soil 175, no. 2 (1995): 233-238.

 Wilson, G.W.T., Hetrick, B.A.D., and Kitt, D.G. "Suppression of mycorrhizal growth response of big bluestem by non-sterile soil." Mycologia 80 (1988): 338-343.

 Wong, J.J. and Marschner, H. "Effect of nitrogen supply on spore germination and hyphal growth of Glomus mosseae in vitro and in the rhizosphere of soybeans." Angewandte Botanic 62 (1988): 169-181.

 Wyss, P., Boller, T., and Wiemken, A. "Phytoalexin response is elicited by a pathogen (rhizoctonia solani) but not by a mycorrhizal fungus (glomus mosseae) in soybean roots." Experientia 47 (1991): 395-399.

 Wyss, P., Boller, T., and Wiemken, A. "Glyceollin production in soybean during the process of infection by Glomus mosseae and Rhizoctonia solani." Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 29 (1990): 451-456.

 Wyss, P., Mellor, R.B., and Wiemken, A. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas of wild-type soybean and non-nodulating mutants with Glomus mosseae contain symbiosis-specific polypeptides (mycorrhizins), immunologically cross-reactive with nodulins." Planta 182 (1990): 22-26.

 Xie, Z.P., Muller, J., Wiemken, A., Broughton, W.J., and Boller, T. "Nod factors and tri-iodobenzoic acid stimulate mycorrhizal colonization and affect carbohydrate partitioning in mycorrhizal roots of Lablab purpureus." New Phytologist 139, no. 2 (1998): 361-366.

 Zak, J.C., Danielson, R.M., and Parkinson, D. "Mycorrhizal fungal spore numbers and species occurrence in two ammended mine spoils in Alberta, Canada." Mycologia 74 (1982): 785-792.

  

Rhizopogon

 

Berch, S.M., and Roth, A.L.
1993., Can. J. For. Res. 23:1711-1715.
Ectomycorrhizae and growth of Douglas-fir seedlings preinoculated with Rhizopogon vinicolor and outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island.

Castellano, M.A.
1985., In, Molina, R. (ed.). Proc. 6th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. For. Res. Lab., Corvallis, Ore. p. 211.
Basidiospores of Rhizopogon vinicolor and Rhizopogon colossus as ectomycorrhizal inoculum.

Castellano, M.A., Trappe, J.M., and Molina, R.
1985., Can. J. For. Res. 15:10-13.
Inoculation of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings with basidiospores of Rhizopogon vinicolor and Rhizopogon colossus: effects of fertility and spore application rate.

Donald, D.G.M.
1979., In, Reid, C.P.P. (ed.). Abstr. of the 4th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. Fort Collins, Colorado. June 24-28, 1979. p. 25.
A comparison between the efficiency of Rhizopogon luteolus and Pisolithus tinctorius as mycorrhizal fungi on pinus.

Duñabeitia, M.K., Hormilla, S., and Peña, J.I.
1990., In, Reisinger, A., & Bresinsky, A. (eds.). Fourth International Mycological Congress (IMC4). Regensburg, Germany. p. 180.
Comparison of various isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Rhizopogon roseolus for growth rate and enzyme activity.

Chu-Chou, M., and Grace, L.J.
1984., New Zeal. J. For. Sci. 22:35-41.
Cultural characteristics of Rhizopogon spp. associated with Pinus radiata seedlings.

Seven cultural types of Rhizopogon (from at least two species, R. l uteolus Fr. and R. rubestens Tul.) were isolated from sporocarps, and/or mycorrhizas of Pinus radiata D. Don seedlings, and their cultural characteristics described. The factors that determine the distribution of the different types in 14 nurseries in the North Island of New Zealand are not clear.

Chu-Chou, M, and Grace, L.J.
1985., New Zeal. J. Bot. 23:417-424.
Comparative efficiency of the mycorrhizal fungi Laccaria laccata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme and Rhizopogon species on growth of radiata pine seedlings.

The efficiency of Laccaria laccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk. & Br. and Hebeloma crustulin iforme (Bull. ex St. Am.) Quél. was compared with tha t of Rhizopogon spp. in promoting radiata pine seedling growth and nutri ent uptake. The results showed that Rhizopogon spp. were more efficient growth-promoting mycorrhizal fungi than L. lac cata and H. crustulinifor me although seedlings inoculated with L. laccata showed a better early h eight response between 4 to 7 months. Hebelorna crustuliniforme was a th orough root colonizer but it did not perform well in promoting seedling growth.

Dasilva, E.J., Henriksen, L.E., and Udris, M.
1977., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 68:434-437.
Growth responses of mycorrhizal Boletus and Rhizopogon species to pesticides.

Gbadegesin, R.A.
1990., For. Ecol. Manage. 37:303-307.
Effect of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Rhizopogon luteolus and Pisolithus tinctorius on growth of Pinus oocarpa in Nigeria.

La Loue, M., and Hall, R.H.
1973., Plant Physiol. 51:559-562.
Cytokinins in Rhizopogon roseolus. Secretion of N-[9-(B-D-ribofuranosyl-9H) Purin-6-ylcarbamoyl] threonine into the culture medium.

Li, C.Y., and Castellano, M.A.
1987., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 88:563-566.
Azospirillum isolated from within sporocarps of the mycorrhizal fungi Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Laccaria laccata and Rhizopogon vinicolor.

Massicotte, H.B., Melville, L.H., Peterson, R.L., and Molina, R.
1993., In, Peterson, L., & Schelkle, M. (eds.). Proc. 9th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. August 8-12 , 1993. Guelph, Ontario, Canada. p. 122.
Comparative morphology and anatomy of ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Rhizopogon species on Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ).

Massicotte, H.B., Tackaberry, L.E., Chanway, C.P., and Holl, F.B.
1993., In, Peterson, L., & Schelkle, M. (eds.). Proc. 9th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae. August 8-12 , 1993. Guelph, Ontario, Canada. p. 65.
A field assessment of bacterial communities in Cenococcum and Rhizopogon ectomycorrhizae on Doulgas-fir using the Biolog© system.

 

Mohan, V., Natarajan, K., and Ingleby, K.
1993., Mycorrhiza 3:51-56.
Anatomical studies on ectomycorrhizas. III. The ectomycorrhizas produced by Rhizopogon luteolus and Scleroderma citrinum on Pinus patula.

Ectomycorrhizas of 5-month-old Pinus patula plants grown in autoclaved shola soil (forest soil) inocu lated with basidiospores of Rhizopogon lu teolus and Scleroderma citrinum are described. The main emphasis is on t he organisation of the mantle tissue as seen in plan view and the featur es of associated hyphae and strands. The different layers in the mantle produced by the different fungi are described and illustrated.

Ogawa, M., Yambe, Y., and Sugiura, G.
1983., In, Abstracts of the Third International Mycological Congress (IMC3). Tokyo, Japan. p. 577.
Cultivation of the hypogeous mushroom, Rhizopogon rubescens by wood charcoal.

Torres, P., and Honrubia, M.
1994., Ann. Sci. For 51:521-528
Inoculation of containerized Pinus halepensis (Miller) seedlings with basidiospores of Pisolithus arhizus (Pers) Rauschert, Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th M Fr and Suillus collinitus (Fr) 0 Kuntze

Pinus halepensis Miller seedlings grown in containers were inoculated wi th 3 different basidiospore concentrations of Pisofithus arhizus (Pets) Rauschert, Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th M Fr and Suillus collinitus (F r) O Kuntze, in sterile and unsterilized substrate. Six months after ger mination, the seedlings were evaluated for ectomycorrhizal development a nd fungal species were isolated from any ectomycorrhizas synthesized. He ight, dry weight and percentages of ectomycorrhizas were recorded. There were no significant differences between the 3 inoculated fungal species used on the seedling growth. The highest mean values of height, dry wei ght and percentage of ectomycorrhizas were obtained with seedlings inocu lated with Pisolithus arhizus in sterile substrate.

 Trappe, J.M.
1975., Nova Hedwigia Beih. 51:279-310.
A revision of the genus Alpova with notes on Rhizopogon and the Melanogastraceae.

 Zak, B.
1971., Can. J. Bot. 49:1079-1084.
Characterization and classification of mycorrhizae of Douglas-fir. II. Pseudotsuga menziesii + Rhizopogon vinicolor. 

Pisolithus tinctorius

 Aggangan, N.S., Dell, B., and Malajczuk, N. "Effects of chromium and nickel on growth of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus and formation of ectomycorrhizas on Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake." Geoderma 84, no. 1-3 (1998): 15-27. 

Aggangan, N.S., Dell, B., Malajczuk, N., and Delacruz, R.E. "Soil Fumigation and Phosphorus Supply Affect the Formation of Pisolithus Eucalyptus-Urophylla Ectomycorrhizas in 2 Acid Philippine Soils." Plant and Soil 180, no. 2 (1996): 259-266.

 Albrecht, C., Burgess, T., Dell, B., and Lapeyrie, F. "Chitinase and peroxidase activities are induced in eucalyptus roots according to aggressiveness of Australian ectomycorrhizal strains of Pisolithus sp." New Phytologist 127 (1994): 217-222.

 Anderson, I.C., Chambers, S.M., and Cairney, J.W.G. "Use of molecular methods to estimate the size and distribution of mycelial individuals of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Pisolithus tinctorius." Mycological Research 102, no. Part:3 (1998): 3-300.

 Anderson, I.C., Chambers, S.M., and Cairney, J.W.G. "Molecular determination of genetic variation in Pisolithus isolates from a defined region in New South Wales, Australia." New Phytologist 138, no. 1 (1998): 151-162.

 Anunciacao, C.E., Guimaraes, W.V., Araujo, E.F., Muchovej, R.M.C., and Souza, D.R.N. "Production and regeneration of protoplasts of Pisolithus tinctorius." Biotechnol.Tech. 4 (1990): 215-220.

 Ashford, A.E. "Dynamic pleiomorphic vacuole systems: Are they endosomes and transport compartments in fungal hyphae?" Advances in Botanical Research 28 (1998): 119-159. 

Ashford, A.E., Ryde, S., and Barrow, K.D. "Demonstration of a Short Chain Polyphosphate in Pisolithus Tinctorius and the Implications for Phosphorus Transport." New Phytologist 126 (1994): 239-247.

 Alvarez, I.F. and Trappe, J.M. "Effect of application rate and cold soaking pretreatment of Pisolithus spores on effectiveness as nursery inoculum on western conifers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 13 (1983): 533-537. 

Ba, A.M., Garbaye, J., and Dexheimer, J. "The Influence of Culture Conditions on Mycorrhiza Formation Between the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus Sp and Afzelia africana Sm Seedlings." Mycorrhiza 4 (1994): 121-129.

 Bailey, S.R. and Peterson, R.L. "Ectomycorrhiza synthesis between isolated roots of Eucalyptus pilularis and Pisolithus tinctorius." Canadian Journal of Botany 66 (1988): 1237-1239.

 Baser, C.M., Garrett, H.E., Mitchell, R.J., Cox, G.S., and Starbuck, C.J. "Indobutyric acid and ectomycorrhizal inoculation increase lateral root initiation and development of container-grown black oak seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17 (1987):36-39.

 Baumert, A., Schumann, B., Porzel, A., Schmidt, J., and Strack, D. "Triterpenoids from Pisolithus tinctorius isolates and ectomycorrhizas." Phytochemistry 45, no. 3 (1997): 499-504.

 Beckjord, P.R., Smith, D.W., and McIntosh, M.S. "Effect of nitrogen fertilization and Pisolithus tinctorius on Quercus rubra seedling root and top development." Forest Science 30 (1984): 124-128.

 Beguiristain, T. and Lapeyrie, F. "Host plant stimulates hypaphorine accumulation in Pisolithus tinctorius hyphae during ectomycorrhizal infection while excreted fungal hypaphorine controls root hair development." New Phytologist 136, no. 3 (1997): 525-532.

 Beguiristain, T., Cote, R., Rubini, P., Jayallemand, C., and Lapeyrie, F. "Hypaphorine accumulation in hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius." Phytochemistry 40, no. 4 (1995): 1089-1091.

 Berjaud, C. and D'Auzac, J. "Isolement et caracterisation des phosphatases d'um champignon ectomycorhizogene typiqu: Pisolithus tinctorius. Effets de las carence en phosphate." Physiologie Vegetale 24 (1986): 163-172. 

Berman, J.T. and Bledsoe, C.S. "Soil transfers from valley oak (Quercus lobata Nee) stands increase ectomycorrhizal diversity and alter root and shoot growth on valley oak seedlings." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 5 (1998): 223-235. 

Berry, C.R. "Survival and growth of pine hybrid seedlings with Pisolithus." Journal of Environmental Quality 11 (1982): 709. 

Bettiol, W. and Krugner, T.L. "Influence of organic matter on the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris." Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 21 (1986): 829-835. 

Burgess, T., Dell, B., and Malajczuk, N. "Variation in mycorrhizal development and growth stimulation by 20 Pisolithus isolates inoculated on to Eucalyptus grandis W Hill ex Maiden." New Phytologist 127, no. 4 (1994): 731-739.

 Burgess, T., Laurent, P., Dell, B., Malajczuk, N., and Martin, F. "Effect of fungal-isolate aggressivity on the biosynthesis of symbiosis-related polypeptides in differentiating eucalypt ectomycorrhizas." Planta 195, no. 3 (1995): 408-417.

 Boiffin, V., Hodges, M., Galvez, S., Balestrini, R., Bonfante, P., Gadal, P., and Martin, F. "Eucalypt NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase - cDNA cloning and expression in ectomycorrhizae." Plant Physiology 117, no. 3 (1998): 939-948. 

Bonfante, P., Balestrini, R., Martino, E., Perotto, S., Plassard, C., and Mousain, D. "Morphological analysis of early contacts between pine roots and two ectomycorrhizal Suillus strains." Mycorrhiza 8, no. 1 (1998): 1-10.

 Bougher, N.L. and Malajczuk, N. "Effect s of high soil moisture on formation of ectomycorrhizas and growth of karri (eucalyptus diversicolor) seedlings inoculated with descolea maculata, pisolithus tinctorius and laccaria laccata." New Phytologist 114 (1990): 87-91.

 Bucking, H., Beckmann, S., Heyser, W., and Kottke, I. "Elemental contents in vacuolar granules of ectomycorrhizal fungi measured by EELS and EDXS. A comparison of different methods and preparation techniques." Micron 29, no. 1 (1998): 53-61.

 Burgess, T., Malajczuk, N., and Dell, B. "Variation in Pisolithus based on basidiome and basidiospore morphology, culture characteristics and analysis of polypeptides using 1D SDS-PAGE." Mycological Research 99, no. Part 1 (1995): 1-13. 

Burke, R.M. and Cairney, J.G. "Carbohydrate oxidases in ericoid and ectomycorrhizal fungi: a possible source of Fenton radicals during the degradation of lignocellulose." New Phytologist 139, no. 4 (1998): 637-645.

 Cairney, J.W.G., Ashford, A.E., and Allaway, W.G. "Distribution of photosynthetically fixed carbon within root systems of Eucalyptus pilularis plants ectomycorrhizal with Pisolithus tinctorius." New Phytologist 112 (1989): 495-500. 

Cairney, J.W.G. and Chambers, S.M. "Interactions between Pisolithus tinctorius and its hosts: a review of current knowledge." Mycorrhiza 7, no. 3 (1997): 117-131. 

Cairney, J.W.G. and Smith, S.E. "Efflux of Phosphate from the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Pisolithus Tinctorius - General Characteristics and the Influence of Intracellular Phosphorus Concentration." Mycological Research 97 (1993): 1261-1266.

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 Kop